Comparison Of Civilian And Military Police Criminology Essay

Comparison Of Civilian And host Police Criminology EssayIn the society we live in today it would be hard to figure the world without patrol. The practice of law give our societies the social system they need to authority flop and continue to grow. There halt been legion(predicate) forms of jurisprudence without era dating back to the ancient world in China. The first cognise or documented style of governments using patrol took place in China thousands of grades ago. Before law existed it was im assertable for societies to grow and function properly. Ancient world governments had no way of ruling the people without both(prenominal) type of law enforcement agency to detect the people in order. doubting Thomas Hobbes, who was a philosopher back in the sixteen hundreds, had a belief that wholly people were born(p) evil (Williams, 2006). He felt that when humans were born they were greedy and selfish. Although this belief has been argued and disputed for centuries the basis of his belief makes you wonder. Humans argon considered animals, we belong to the animal kingdom and although show legion(predicate) different and ameliorate traits than most, we ar in f come animals. Now, knowing that and seeing how early(a) animals act in the wild without governing body and enforcement it makes you understand where he was coming from. It is not that we argon evil it is just that we ar born without the knowledge of what is proficient and what is unconventional and need to be taught at rattling unexampled ages the release between the deuce. Along with knowing the difference between what is right and what is wrong what also helps us understand and differentiate between expert and good-for-naught is punishment. Without the reinforcement and threat of punishment it would be difficult to remain good in societys eyes. The jurisprudence exit societies with the threat of punishment for violating the laws set by the government. They also take over the ability to enforce laws and protect the general cosmos from violate.In the ancient world the governments were finding it hard to rule long amounts of people without having just about style of enforcement over them. In Ancient Greece, law were enjoymentd mainly for crowd restrain which could oftentimes ca work situations to step forward out of hand. Another thing unique about the ancient measure is that norm completelyy the civil populous was responsible for policing themselves. In subtile communities and societies the existence could operate with little or no law, relying mainly on the citizens policing themselves. However, when relations with large societies that cover vast amounts of land this method would result in nothing hardly disaster. As times went on police began winning on more tasks at heart society. Over hundreds of years of trial and faulting the policing administration make it way to the fall in States. At the time the unify States was a newly settled and uprising country which needed some type of enforcement to keep it on the right track. The original United States system of policing was adopted from the British form. This form of policing laid the framework for the next two hundred years for our country to improve our police mental synthesis and brass section.The police organizational expression is broken down in seven members. concord to Mintzberg, an organizational mental synthesis wad be defined simply the warmheartedness total of ways in which an organization divides its labor into distinct tasks and thus get hold ofs coordination among them (Mintzberg, 1979). When forecasting at the big picture of a police subdivision there is an overall goal that needs to be accomplished. This goal is divide into a billing statement of what the surgical incisions overall goal is. From that overall accusation statement the segment can determine what needs to be through with(p) to accomplish it. After determining th e subtasks to be accomplished the section can divide its labor force amongst the tasks to watch the requirement. Now once the plans provoke been set the section can work towards reaching its goals together. The seven particular pro lay out elements of law enforcement organizational mental synthesis include functional differentiation, occupational differentiation, spacial differentiation, vertical differentiation, centralization, formalization and administrative intensity.According to Peak the first quadruplet elements are methods of dividing labor. The first element is functional differentiation which is having multiple functions within to deal with different issues. Having functional differentiation within a police structure to properly distribute their police gainicers amongst areas where they are needed. It also allows for officers to tenseness on just what is measurable to the overall goals by not having to be experts in all areas. The second element is occupational d ifferentiation which is overall how a police structure divides its job titles throughout to the employees. Through proper occupational differentiation a police organization will not seduce to rely on particularally trained force play to accomplish other tasks. In most civilian departments there are sergeants responsible for their shifts workers (Dempsey Forst, 2010). The forces flora near the same way with senior non commissioned officers organism in charge for their respective shift of days or nights. The third give element is spatial differentiation which would be how widely spread an organization is. Spatial the word refers to occupying space which applies to this element when dealings with physically gap the organization. Spatial differentiation is not as required in small organizations but in large organizations it is required. When dealing with large areas with many personnel and vast areas of legal power spatial differentiation allows organizations to spread out t o meet mission requirements throughout the whole area more efficiently. The fourth element that deals with dividing labor throughout the organization is vertical differentiation. Vertical differentiation deals with irons of command within police organizations. One role that all police officers must perform is leadership. Police officers are taught early in educational activity academies about proper use of the chain of command. When dealing with large organizations the chain of command can become fairly large. It is important for personnel to cognize their specific chain of command and how to properly use it. Proper use of the chain on command can allow issues to be heady at the lowest level possible to allow senior spunky schooler floor personnel in chain of command to deal with more important issues (Dantzker, 1999). Going outside the chain of command can cause many problems to moral and overall status of an organization and should be avoided at all times if possible.The fi fth element of police structure takes on a different approach to organization. Instead of dealing with dividing labor, centralization is how overmuch control in the decision making process the personnel has. In many smaller police departments the higher tier leadership has say in majority of decision making. Some larger departments allow their personnel to substantiate autonomy to make decisions on their own, and are considered less centralized. Formalization is the sixth element of police structure and is the extent laws and guidelines are enforced on employees. There are many laws that can limit how effective the police departments are, using formalization the amount of laws enforced on a department can be increased and allow them to become more efficient. The bear element is administrative intensity which is how proportionate personnel are dislocated between the admin and operational sides of a department. Organizations with high levels of administrative intensity are often thought of as being more bureaucratic (Peak, 2010). In a bureaucratic organization laws and regulations come from leadership within the department and often become very top heavy.Once a department has its seven elements of organization and structure we can look at the raw material police organizational structure. The Chief of Police is at the top of the structure and chain of command. Police Chiefs are not elected the likes of Sheriffs but municipal employees who serve well the city. The Chief has many duties and responsibilities such as view the departments mission and keeping it achievable. They must oversee all operations and keep improving and developing its departments personnel and equipment. Below the Chief the basic structure divides into two single outes, the first being the Operations side and the other being Services. inwardly the Operations branch you will find patrol officers, investigations and youth activities sub divisions. Operations also deals with training personnel to effective achieve the mission set by the Chief. The Services branch of a department deals with staff services such as budget management, fiscal year planning, manning and personnel issues. Although both branches are equally important quiet often more emphasis is placed on the operations branch referable to it being more in the publics eye than the services support branch. The civilian basic organizational structure is very alike(p) to the multitudes basic police organization. Within the civilian organization below the Chief are Captains, Lieutenants, and Sergeants much like the armed forces model where each rank has their own duties and responsibilities (Dantzker, 1999).I will now take a look at the compare of civilian police and host machine police organizational structures and how the seven elements apply. In the typical force machine police structure there is the equivalent of the police chief. In the force they are referred to as Chief, Security Forces (CS F). Their job is to provide leadership and direction to all personnel within the organization. They set the mission of the unit and ensure it is achievable just like the police chief. beneath the CSF there are three main branches, unlike the civilian structure of two. The first branch is operations which deal with investigations, confinement, installation protective covering and patrols. Within the operations branch many more sub divisions can be created much like the civilian structure to deal with mission specific issues and specialties like canine teams and special reaction teams. The second branch is administrative which deals with information security, staff services and reports and analysis. The third branch in the armament structure is resources and training. This branch was included in the civilian police branch of operations. Within this branch supplies, equipment, deployments and training are covered. The military structure works with usually more personnel and divides its labor among more groups to allow them to accent on single designs rather than multiple tasks which falls under the occupational differentiation element of organization. The military utilizes vertical differentiation through having a clearly defined chain of command. Although it seems sometimes like you take on almost too many people above you in the chain it is create that way for a reason. The military focuses greatly on proper use of the chain of command to deal with issues at the lowest level possible with having to involve the higher tier with resolvable issues. Military structures are not as spatially differentiated as civilian departments due to the inadequacy of physical occupation. Most military bases are limited and space and jurisdiction is limited to base perimeter. Some military bases like those in Korea have off base patrols in coordination with local anesthetic government but their jurisdiction is limited. Vertical differentiation is very broad in the militar y structure allowing for members to remain focused on their specialty but also allows for them to feed around within the structures when they have mastered one area. It can be presumed that the military structure was based on the civilian police structure but has been slightly modified to better accomplish the mission. Many military personnel who worked police duties normally have later in their careers made the switch to civilian police departments. I will now blather about how the basics of structure can process and abash them as they make the switch.The military police structure and training can serve as a great basis for members to make an easier transition to the civilian police departments. Many military members join and volunteer to become security police with the goal of someday returning home and working for their local police departments. With this goal in the back of their mind they can focus on learning the basics of police duties and get a olfactory sensation for h ow working in a civilian department would be. The military police structure is based on the civilian equivalent, therefore very similar in many ways. Working under one overall boss, both the Chief of Police or Chief, Security Forces allows officers to learn how one persons objective and mission goals can be accomplished by many personnel working together. Military police perform as law enforcement to military members who do not obey laws and often include a cruel investigations division much like the civilian departments (Green, 2000). All military branches have a form of military police. The US Army and Marines have Military Police, the US advertize Force has Security Forces and the US Navy has know at Arms. All the above listed allow for their respective branch to have enforcement of laws and regulations on their installations. The military training for their police is very similar to the civilian equivalent. Basic training such as self-defense, weapon employment, hand-cuffing , personnel searches and dealing with the public are almost identical to that of civilian police honorary society training. The basic principles and training provided to military police can greatly assist them if they decide to become civilian police but there are also areas where it may hinder them.Military personnel are more strictly limited to what laws they can enforce. Military personnel are very rarely allowed to enforce laws on civilians. Based on Title 18, United States Code, when civilian personnel commit crimes on military installations military police are allowed to detain the suspect but not arrest them. Rules like these in my eyes can help and hurt their police officer abilities. I can see these rules if followed as a show of prohibition which is an important characteristic for a law enforcement agent. The ability to not misuse their authority could help younger patrol officers learn when to use their position and when not to. Rules and limits on who military police c an and cannot apprehend could harm them if they transition to civilian police duties by them not having enough sleep together in dealing with civilians. Anyone who has served in the military can normally look at a group of people and pick out the military members from the civilians. There are distinct traits and characteristics that can help identify who is in the military. The same traits and characteristics apply to personnel being detained or apprehended. Military members are more likely to comply with military police as civilian suspects are more likely to be resistant to comply with military police. Military members often do not normally deal with high stress situations as much as civilian police do. The military police organizations have created subdivisions to deal with serious crimes and situations such as Air Force Office of Special Investigation, Investigations, and Special Reaction Teams. With that being the case, normally military police have very limited experience wit h high stress situations. This could diffidently hinder them when making the switch to a civilian police career field. In todays military more and more duties in one case performed by military members and being passed over to civilians. The first duty to be passed off was working the gate or entry control point. flyspeck by little just about every base has passed these duties off to civilians. A minor task like working the gate gave young military police experience with dealing with the public and traffic control. much recently the military has begun to pass off duties like on base patrols to civilian contractors. This giving away of duties again can hinder military police. Patrolling the base was maybe the most similar duty performed by civilian police departments. Now that this job has been eliminated from the militaries duties it can again diffidently hinder the military polices experience when dealing with the public, maintaining order, enforcing laws and attention to duty.In my eyes, former military police can make very good civilian police officers. They have the ability to be trained, they have basic reasonableness of the organization and structure due to them being very similar. They have basic understanding of duties and responsibilities and although limited in experience, most police careers you learn more through job experience than training.